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Американский миллиардер готов обустроить поселения на Марсе

 


Элон Маск, миллиардер и основатель частной космической компанииSpace Exploration Technologies, хочет помочь в создании на Марсе большого поселения людей в будущем. Подобная колония могла бы насчитывать до 80 тыс. человек, а само путешествие на Марс для людей будущего могло бы стоить около $500 тыс.


По его словам, первые основатели будущей цивилизации на Марс должны будут отправиться с большим количеством оборудования, включая машины для производства промышленного метана для энергии, а также кислорода для дыхания и окислительных процессов. А вот вода будущим колонизаторам Марса не потребуется – ее, по мнению Маска, можно будет добывать из марсианского льда, которого на планете предостаточно. Точно также в промышленных нуждах планируется использовать и углекислый газ, которого на Марсе в избытке. «Пионеры в освоении Марса должны будут доставлять с собой много материалов для строительства прозрачных куполов, которые потом будут накачиваться воздухом и обретать привычное для людей атмосферное давление. С течением времени колония должна становиться все более самостоятельной, большие корабли будут доставлять больше людей и меньше оборудования», – говорит он.В видении Маска, амбициозное марсианское поселение начнется с отправки на Марс небольшой группы людей, примерно 10 человек, которые отправятся на Красную планету на многоразовом аппарате большой грузоподъемности. Лететь подобный корабль должен на жидком кислороде и метане. «Задача заключается в том, чтобы создать на Марсе самоподдерживающуюся цивилизацию, которая будет расти, превращаясь в нечто действительно большое», – заявил Маск.

В архитектуре Маска не предусмотрены полеты вахтовым методом, то есть у него не предусматривается, что все представители марсианской колонии должны будут периодически возвращаться на Землю, а между двумя планетами постоянно курсировать транспортные корабли. По словам главы SpaceX, вахтовых полетов на Марсе быть не должно, так как в этом случае на марсианские программы придется выделять очень много людей и ресурсов. Кроме того, организовать циклические полеты на Марс по расписанию будет сложно еще и потому, что расстояние между Землей и Марсом – это динамическая величина, соответственно все полеты будут занимать разные отрезки времени. «По крайней мере на начальном этапе здесь не должно быть вахтовых полетов, так как это слишком затратно», – говорит Маск. Что касается стоимости полета на Марс, то отметку в $500 тыс. за человека Маск называет реальной и приемлемой. «Цена на билет должна быть такой, чтобы она была подъемной для многих людей в промышленно-развитых странах», – отметил Маск.

По прогнозам CEO SpaceX, к тому моменту, когда марсианские колонии станут реальными, на Земле уже будут проживать около 8 млрд человек, соответственно, колония в 100 тыс. человек не будет казаться такой большой. Стоимость проекта, который, по мнению бизнесмена, должны развивать как частные компании, так и госсектор, составит примерно $36 млрд или 0,5% от ВВП США. При этом, сам проект освоения Марса он называет коммерчески успешным, если на Красную планету будут отправлены как минимум 80 тыс. человек, каждый из которых заплатит по $500 тыс.

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